B

- Hướng dẫn giải

Gọi \({G_1},{G_2},{G_3},{G_4}\) lần lượt là trọng tâm \(\Delta SAB,\Delta SBC,\Delta SCD,\Delta SDA\).

E, F, G, H lần lượt là trung điểm của các cạnh AB,BC,CD,DA

Ta có \({S_{MNPQ}} = 4{S_{{G_1}{G_2}{G_3}{G_4}}} = 4.\frac{4}{9}{S_{EFGH}} = 4.\frac{4}{9}.\frac{1}{2}EG.HF = \frac{{8{a^2}}}{9}\).

\(\begin{array}{l}
d\left( {S',\left( {MNPQ} \right)} \right) = d\left( {S',\left( {ABCD} \right)} \right) + d\left( {O,\left( {MNPQ} \right)} \right)\\
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = d\left( {S,\left( {ABCD} \right)} \right) + 2d\left( {O,\left( {{G_1}{G_2}{G_3}{G_4}} \right)} \right)\\
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = d\left( {S,\left( {ABCD} \right)} \right) + \frac{2}{3}d\left( {S,\left( {ABCD} \right)} \right)\\
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{5}{3}d\left( {S,\left( {ABCD} \right)} \right) = \frac{{5a\sqrt {14} }}{6}
\end{array}\)

Vậy \({V_{S'.MNPQ}} = \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{{5a\sqrt {14} }}{6} \cdot \frac{{8{a^2}}}{9} = \frac{{20{a^3}\sqrt {14} }}{{81}}\).